Thursday September 1, a research project was presented in the Hague, comparing the region of Southwest England with Randstad Holland. The research was done by the team of the CitiesProject at the London School of Economics (LSE). It is titled The Tale of Two Regions.

Editors:
Ricky Burdett, LSE Cities, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
Henk Ovink, Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (I&M), Holland
Maarten Hajer, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Holland

The project compares typical urban and rural qualities of both regions, and their respective structures of governance. It also maps socioeconomic and geographical data such as population density, distribution of jobs and wealth.
On the one hand, rather obvious conclusions are found, regarding the difference between a monocentric metropolis – such as Greater London, and a polycentric one – such as Randstad. Nevertheless, the comparison of 3d density maps on the same scale is quite impressive. On the other hand, the way both regions have dealt with the ‘green belt’ around London and the ‘green heart’ in the Randstad is very relevant. The recreational use of the ‘green belt’ is way better than the ‘green heart’, which is still basically grassland accessible for cows.
London has a problem of high real estate prices in the centre, but has the advantage of a highly efficient concentric rail network. The Randstad has the advantage of affordable dwellings near jobs and green space, but lacks critical mass for metropolitan programmes on the scale of London City.

A few quotes from the debate in The Hague:

“The present government wants to create more space for the Netherlands by decreasing spatial planning. Planning stands in the way of the Netherlands, in their view.” – Wouter van Stiphout

“The city has become regional, the hinterland has become global. What does this mean for (local) governance?” – Maarten Hajer

“Researchers have already given us a clear idea of what we should want for society and the urban region. What is lacking is good execution of ideas, in terms of effective policies and design. […] The designer’s creativity is not well used (only aesthetically) and the process of decision-making is not transparent enough.” – Rients Dijkstra

“The highlights of Greater London in the last 20 years were initiated by the private sector: Canary Wharf (Government later decided to build a rail connection to the site); Tate Modern (the exhibition center that revitalized the South Bank); St. Pancras – King’s Cross station; and the high speed rail connections to the rest of the country.” – Ricky Burdett

“High on the public agenda of the Randstad region should be the more effective use of already existing infrastructure for transportation, in tandem with new urbanization plans” – Paul Gerretsen

Click here to download the full research publication.

Read more on the LSE work of The Urban Age.

It is said that this century will be dominated by cities, as more than half of the world’s population already lives in urban environments. In some parts of the world, major urban growth already took place in the 19th and 20th centuries, at different scale and different speed.

London had an early start and is now rather stable, apart from some sprawl in the neighboring towns. Cairo is also an ancient city, but has started growing fast only in the second half of the 20th century. It is the only city in this sample of four, which is actually still increasing growth speed. Chicago has spread out radially with massive suburban sprawl since the introduction of the automobile. After some time even the green zones in between the finger-structure have been occupied. São Paulo is a relatively young city. It only becomes relevant around 1900 and then explodes from a town of 200 thousand souls to a megalopolis of 20 million within a single century. Now, population has stabilized.

The animation was made using data from the Atlas of Urban Expansion, a project by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

Radical Cartography shows the world in many aspects through a list of interesting maps. How did nuclear reactors and railways spread around the globe? Where does our food come from? Which parts of Manhattan are under-developed, according to FAR building regulations? What would a world map look like with New York in its center? And how does our routine of thinking about cities in terms of borders and districts affect our perception of ethnic neighborhoods?

‘Bill Rankin is a historian and cartographer. His mapping activity is focused on reimagining everyday urban and territorial geographies by pushing techniques of statistical information design and rethinking everyday cartographic conventions.’

 

The founder of Radical Cartography, Bill Rankin, got a prize for his maps on ethnic groups in American cities. It turned out that representing groups of 25 people with dots gave a much more diverse result than the classic boundary-approach of urban districts: cities are segregated, but some areas are very mixed on a local level. Traditional maps fail to show this.